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Alpert, Hollis and Jan Kadar. “Dialogue on Film: Gore Vidal.” American Film: Journal of the Film and Television Arts 2, no 6, April 1977, pp 33–48.
“Analysis to Widen Release on Caligula, Aussie Career“ Variety, Wednesday, 5 March 1980.
“Anneka and Lori.” Penthouse: The International Magazine for Men 11, no 10, June 1980, p 143.
Arnold, Gary. “No Way to the Forum: The Atrocious Caesarian Sex of Caligula.” The Washington Post, 31 March 1980, pp B1, B11.
Austin, Steven. “Innerviews: Hail, Caesar!” AVN: The Adult Entertainment Monthly, January 2000.
Bachmann, Gideon. “Top Brass: Director Gets His Way with Film.” The London Times, Wednesday, 3 August 1977, p 13.
Bailey, Noel. Personal communications with Ranjit Sandhu, 14 and 17 April 2003.
Balsdon, JPVD. The Emperor Gaius. Oxford, 1934.
Barrett, Anthony A. Caligula: The Corruption of Power. New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, 1990.
“Blood, Gore & a Whole Lot More.” Photoplay (US) 89 no 3, March 1976, p 46.
Bonada, Marie-Delphine. “Tinto Brass répond à Franco Rossellini. Pour lui, il s’agissait avant tout de faire un film sur le pouvoir.” Le Matin, Tuesday, 8 July 1980.
Bondanella, Peter. The Eternal City: Roman Images in the Modern World. University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
Bosworth, Patricia. “The
Brass, Tinto. Interviewed by Ranjit Sandhu, 3 April 2004 (unpublished).
———. Personal communication with Ranjit Sandhu, 4 April 2004.
Braunstein, Peter. “I came, I saw, I came again,” 25 October 1999.
Brien, Alan. “Undressed to Kill in Ancient Rome.” The Sunday Times [London], 2 November 1980, p 42.
Brownlow, Kevin. The Parade’s Gone By... Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.
Brunette, Peter. Roberto Rossellini. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Bruno, Christopher: communication with Thomas Ryerson, 28 August 2004.
Caligula. Press kit. New York: Penthouse International: nd, ca February 1980.
“Caligula.” Movie News [Australia] 17 no 3 (1981), pp 42–44.
“Caligula Buys NY Playoff Situation.” Variety, Wednesday, 30 January 1980.
“Caligula in UK Bow,” Variety, Wednesday, 1 October 1980, p 49.
“Caligula
“Caligula Slides Past Custom; Deemed “Potentially Obscene”; Changed Script & Direction.” Variety, Wednesday, 18 July 1979, p 24.
“Caligula Spreads at $6; into Frisco,
“Caligula Still Stalled in Roman Court; Judge Sets a Hearing July 4.” Variety, Wednesday, 14 June 1978, p 32.
Canby, Vincent. “Film: Malcolm McDowell in Bob Guccione Caligula.” The New York Times, 2 February 1980.
“Censored Bootikins.” Films. (UK) 1, no 1, December 1980, p 6.
Clark, Valerie Rae: personal communications with James E Chaffin, 18 October 2004, 20–22 October 2004, 23 November 2004, 2 December 2004.
Clark, Valerie Rae: communications with Thomas Ryerson, 23–24 May 2003, June 2003.
“Clash of Cultures Explored with Captivating Power.” The London Times, Friday, 7 November 1980, p 12.
Cocchi, John. “Penthouse Plans to Film Gore Vidal’s Caligula. Boxoffice 108, no 9, Monday, 8 December 1975, p 12.
Cohn, Lawrence. “Analysis Moves from Distribution into Extensive Film Production.” Variety, Wednesday, 9 September 1981, pp 4, 42.
———. “Malcolm McDowell’s Viewpoints.” Variety, Wednesday, 23 July 1980, pp 4, 29.
Colapinto, John. “The Twilight of Bob Guccione.” Rolling Stone no 945, 1 April 2004, pp 58–67.
Collis, Clark. “The Lust Emperor.” Empire Movie Magazine no 127, January 2000, pp 70–76.
“Court Ruling for Tinto Brass May Hold Up Caligula.” Variety, Wednesday, 17 August 1977, p 28.
Croall, Jonathan. Gielgud: A Theatrical Life 1904–2000. New York: Continuum, 2001.
Cyr, Diane. “Compromising Positions: The High Cost of Being Penthouse.” Folio:’s Publishing News: Inside the World of Magazines, 15 January 1993, p 19.
“DA Continues Caligula Probe; Hearing Delayed.” Variety, Wednesday, 5 December 1979, p 40.
Daly, Steven. “Swinging into Disaster.” Vanity Fair no 488, April 2001, pp 412–428.
D’Amico, Masolino. Letter to Franco Rossellini, 5 July 1978.
———. Personal correspondence with Ranjit Sandhu, 8 February 2005.
Dangaard, Colin. “In Rome, Caligula Stays but Vidal Gets the
De Santana, Hubert. “Now Voyeur: Obviously, Bob Guccione Had a Better Idea.” Maclean’s 91, no 3, 6 February 1978, pp 34–37.
“Doing the Cannes-Cannes.” Variety, Wednesday, 27 May 1981, p 36.
Drobot, Eve. “Twinkle, Twinkle Major Star.” Maclean’s 90, no 19, 19 September 1977, pp 74–75.
Ebert, Roger. “Caligula Is a Vile, Sickening and Shameful Piece of Trash.” Chicago Sun-Times, Monday, 22 September 1980, p 31.
“Felix.” Variety, Wednesday, 11 May 1977, p 216.
Ferrill, Arther. Caligula: Emperor of Rome. London: Thames & Hudson, 1991.
“Film Record: Caligula.” Film Index International (British Film Institute, 2003), http://fii.chadwyck.co.uk/film.
“Films in Production.” Variety, Wednesday, 13 April 1977, p 34.
Foa, Sylvana. “Caligula Set Has Rome Whispering.” Los Angeles Times, Saturday, 21 August 1976, pt II p 10.
———. “The Rumors That Make Me Chuckle — Malcolm McDowell Talks to Sylvana Foa about the Filming of Gore Vidal’s Caligula,” Photoplay Film Monthly (UK), March 1977, pp 24–25. Author’s name is misspelled as Silveno Fox.
Full-page advertisement. Variety, Wednesday, 20 February 1980, p 25.
Gallagher, Tag. The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini: His Life and Films. New York: Da Capo, 1998.
Gielgud, Sir John. An Actor and His Time. New York: Applause Books, 1997.
Gilbert, Sari. “Vidal’s Caligula: Rancor in Rome.” The Washington Post, Monday, 29 November 1976, pp B1, B3.
“Gore Vidal’s Caligula,” two-page advertisement. Variety, Wednesday, 24 March 1976, pp 14–15.
“Gore Vidal’s Caligula,” full-page advertisement. Variety, Wednesday, 20 October 1976, p 67.
Gray, Paul, Erik Amfitheatrof, Roland Flamini, Stefan Kanfer and Nancy Newman. “Gore Vidal: Laughing Cassandra.” Time 107 no 9, 1 March 1976, pp. 59–64.
Greco, Steve. “Penthouse Baron Bob Guccione Talks to Steve Greco.” Platform Network: Culture, November 1999, formerly at http://www.platform.net/culture/11_99/09guccione/guccione_2.php3
“GTO to Add Two More to 1981 Schedule.” Screen International no 284, 21–28 March 1981, p 50.
“Guccione Answers Vidal’s TV Charge; Schneider Dropped.” Variety, Wednesday, 15 September 1976, p 6. Reprinted from “Caligula a “Turkey,” Says Vidal; Guccione Dismisses Schneider,” Daily Variety 173, no 6, Tuesday, 14 September 1976, p 2.
“Guccione Pans Murdoch for Alleging L.A. Times Bankrolled Penthouse.” Variety, Wednesday, 19 October 1977, pp 1, 236.
“Guccione, Rossellini Caligula Seized as ‘Flagrantly Obscene.’” Variety, Wednesday, 21 November 1979, p 3.
Guccione, Bob: interviewed in Giancarlo Lui’s film, A Documentary on the Making of “Gore Vidal’s Caligula”.
Guidi, Guidarino: interviewed in Giancarlo Lui’s film, A Documentary on the Making of “Gore Vidal’s Caligula”.
Hawkins, Robert F. “Penthouse Mag Goes “Conglomerate”: From Pix, Cafés to Hotels, Etc.” Variety, Wednesday, 22 May 1974, pp 37–38.
Howard, William. Gore Vidal’s Caligula. New York: Warner Book; London: Macdonald Futura, 1979. The second (final) press runs were retitled Caligula.
Huckerby, Martin. “Press Showing of Caligula Film Cancelled.” The London Times, Thursday, 23 October 1980, p 5.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 13 December 1967, p 16.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 27 December 1967, p 22.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 6 November 1968, p 65.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 30 July 1969, p 42.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 6 May 1970, p 28.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 29 July 1970, p 24.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 31 March 1971, p 28.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 8 March 1972, p 28.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 12 July 1972, p 32.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 27 September 1972, p 26.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 29 November 1972, p 34.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 3 January 1973, p 62.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 4 April 1973, p 32.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 18 July 1973, p 22.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 22 October 1975, p 48.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 14 January 1976, p 40.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 14 April 1976, p 38.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 15 December 1976, p 44.
“International Sound Track,” Variety, Wednesday, 2 February 1977, p 44.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 16 February 1977, p 38.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 23 January 1980, p 30.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 2 April 1980, p 40.
“International Sound Track.” Variety, Wednesday, 20 May 1981, p 56.
Iori, Stefano. Tinto Brass. Rome: Gremese Editori, 2000.
Isola nelle rete (March 2003).
“Italian Court Bans Caligula; Sentence Distrib Rep, Prod.,” Variety, Wednesday, 14 May 1980, pp 31, 40.
“Italo Court Gives Tinto Brass Right to Final Cut of Caligula.” Variety, Wednesday, 20 July 1977, p 7.
“Italo Theatrical Check-List: Felix.” Variety, Wednesday, 17 May 1978.
“Italy’s New Product: Felix.” Variety, Wednesday, 11 May 1977, p 216.
“Italy’s New Product: Liberty.” Variety, Wednesday, 11 May 1977, p 226.
Jacobson, Harlan. “Gore Vidal in Caligula Billing, and the Inspiration Behind Same.” Variety, Wednesday, 14 July 1976, pp 4, 25.
Kaplan, Fred. Gore Vidal: A Biography. New York: Doubleday, 1999.
Kaufman, David. “Vidal Gores Conceited Directors Who Fancy Themselves ‘Auteurs.’” Variety, Wednesday, 31 March 1976, pp 2, 126.
Kauffman, Stanley. “Glut and Gluttony.” The New Republic, 23 February 1980, p 24.
Kermode, Mark. Introduction to a screening of Caligula. Film Four (UK), 31 October 1999.
Kilday, Gregg. “Once Over Lightly from Gore Vidal.” The Los Angeles Times Calendar, Sunday, 18 April 1976, pp 27, 29.
———. “The Roman Circus of Caligula.” The Los Angeles Times, Saturday, 11 September 1976, sec 2, p 7.
Klain, Stephen. “Guccione Lays Off Caligula to Analysis Pic Posted at 42G for Three Days at $7.50 a Top.” Variety, Wednesday, 6 February 1980, pp 3, 42.
Leidholdt, Dorchen. “Pimping and Pornography as Sexual Harassment: Amicus Brief in Support of Plaintiff-Respondent in Thoreson v Penthouse Int’l Ltd.” Michigan Journal of Gender and Law vol 1 (1993), p 109.
Llinas, Francisco and Miguel Marias. “A Panorama of History.” In Adriano Aprà, ed, Roberto Rossellini — My Method: Writings & Interviews. New York: Marsilio Publishers, 1992, p 180 (published in Italian as Il mio metodo. Scritti e interveste [Venice: Marsilio Editori, 1987]). This particular interview was reprinted from Screen 14 no 4, Winter 1973/1974, which in turn was translated from the Spanish journal Nuestro Cine (1970).
Loos, Ted. “But Is the World Ready for More of Caligula?” The New York Times, Sunday, 19 September 1999, p AR29.
“Lucky Fellows”: communications with Thomas Ryerson, 3 April–17 June 2002.
“Making Gore Vidal’s Caligula.” Continental Film Review 24 no 4, February 1977, pp 6–7, 47.
Mankowitz, Wolf. Personal conversation with Ranjit Sandhu, 14 June 1982.
“Marketing Sanitized Caligula as an ‘R’ in 170 Situations.” Variety, Wednesday, 21 October 1981, p 34.
Mathews, Tom Dewe. Censored. Chatto & Windus, 1994.
McAsh, Iain F. “Take 1: People on Camera—Bold as Brass.” Films on Screen and Video 5, no. 2, February 1985, pp 22–23.
McBride, Joseph. “O’Toole Ascending.” Film Comment, March/April 1981, pp 49–53.
“McDowell to Topline Caligula, Guccione-Vidal’s Historical Epic.” Variety, Wednesday, 11 February 1976, p 40.
Milne, Tom. Review of Caligula. Monthly Film Bulletin 47 no 563, December 1980, p 232.
Moorehead, Caroline. “The Writer Who Might Have Been President of the United States.” The London Times, Friday, 12 March 1976, p 12.
Moss, Robert F. “Peter O’Toole’s Dramatic Comeback.” Saturday Review 8 no 4, April 1981, pp 20–23.
“Move Tinto Brass Out of Caligula.” Variety, Wednesday, 22 June 1977, p 3.
Murray, Oswyn. “Commentary: Curiosa and Curiosa.” The Times Literary Supplement, 28 November 1980, p 1359.
Muzyka, Pola: personal communications with James E Chaffin, 27 October 2004–9 January 2005.
Myers, Laurence. Personal conversation with James E Chaffin, 5 March 2005.
Nero, Franco. Outtakes from an interviewed conducted in February 2004 for the DVD supplement to The Salamander, Pathfinder Pictures, released May 2004.
“Next Film by Federico Fellini, The,” full-page advertisement. Variety, Wednesday, 24 March 1976, p 13.
“New-Style Publicity....” The Sunday Times [London], 31 July 1977.
“Not Her Job.” The New York Times, 28 October 1990, sec 4, p 7, col 1.
Oakes, Philip. “Goings On: Waiting for the End.” The Sunday Times [London], 27 February 1978, p 37.
———. “Gore Vidal Tells Philip Oakes about the Age of Caligula: Tidings of Bad Cheer.” The Sunday Times [London], 14 December 1975, p 32.
Overbey, David L. “Gore Vidal’s Caligula.” Sight & Sound 46 (1976), pp 27–28.
“Overview.” Penthouse Girls of Caligula (1981), p 5.
“Penthouse & Felix Caligula Squabble Heading to Court.” Variety, Wednesday, 24 June 1981, p 37.
“Penthouse Enters Film Prod. with Vidal’s Caligula.” Variety, Wednesday, 3 December 1975.
Photoplay Film Monthly (UK) 31 no 2, February 1980, p 41–42.
Pitman, Jack. “Caligula Winds Up
“Pushing Cinema to the Limits.” Screen International, no 266, Saturday, 8 November 1980, p 15.
Rossellini, Roberto. “Caligola.” In Pio Baldelli, Roberto Rossellini, i suoi film (1936–1972) e la filmografia completa. Dibattiti e intervista al regista. In appendice: brani critici di A Bazin e J Rivette e la sceneggiatura inedita del Caligola. Vol 39 of “Saggistica.” Rome: “La nuova sinistra,” Edizione Samonà e Savelli, 1972, pp 341–384.
Runde, Robert. “Fortunes from Scratch: The Wages of Skin.” Money, February 1980, p 68—74.
Ryan, Desmond. “Caligula: Controversy and $7.50 Ticket Price.” The Chicago Tribune, Sunday, 11 May 1980, sec 6, p 28. From the Knight-Ridder news service.
“Savoy Replaces Schneider.” Variety, Wednesday, 29 September 1976, p 42.
Schultz, Victoria. “Interview with Roberto Rossellini, February 22–25, 1971, in Houston, Texas.” Film Culture no 52, Spring 1971, pp 11–12; quoted in Brunette, Roberto Rossellini (1987), p 304.
Segell, Michael. “Low Blows against the Empire: The Highbrow Railings of Gore Vidal, America’s Most Irreverent Man of Letters.” Rolling Stone, 15 May 1980, p 40.
Siskel, Gene. “Caligula: Biblical Epic with Lots of Sex but Little History.” The Chicago Tribune, Monday, 22 September 1980, sec 2 p 6.
Solinas, PierNico. Ultimate Porno: The Making of a Sex Colossal. New York: Eyecontact, 1981.
Solomon, Jon. “The Sounds of Cinematic Antiquity.” In Martin Winkler, ed. Classical Myth and Culture in the Cinema. Oxford University Press, 2001, p 333n18.
Sutton, Larry. “Caligula Lawsuit Is a Steamy Affair.” The Buffalo News, Sunday, 16 April 1989, reprinted from the New York Daily News.
Thoreson, Marjorie Lee, a/k/a Anneka di Lorenzo, Plaintiff, vs Penthouse International Ltd. and Robert Guccione, Defendants. Oct 23rd 1990. 149 Misc. 2d 150, 563 N.Y.S.2d 968. Sections 970–971.
“Tinto Brass Lawyers Seek to Pry Loose Long-Shelved Caligula.” Variety, Wednesday, 22 November 1978, p 31.
“U.K. Distrib Seeks Penthouse’s Calig.” Variety. Wednesday, 12 March 1980, pp 4, 50.
Urban, Stuart: personal conversation with Ranjit Sandhu, 24 February 2004.
Vidal, Gore. Caligula (photocopied typescript on file at the Margaret Herrick Library, Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study, 333 South La Cienega Boulevard, Beverly Hills, California 90211, tel 310 247 3000 ext 200). Penthouse International and Felix Cinematografica, 1980.
———. Interviewed in Giancarlo Lui’s A Documentary on the Making of “Gore Vidal’s Caligula”, 1981.
———. “Who Makes the Movies?” The New York Review of Books 23, no 19, 25 November 1976, pp 35–39.
“Vidal’s Decline & Filmization of the Roman Empire.” Variety, Wednesday, 14 April 1976, p 41.
Volkman, Ernest. “Penthouse Interview: Bob Guccione.” Penthouse: The International Magazine for Men 11, no. 9, May 1980, pp 112–114, 116–118, 146–148, 150.
Wagner, Lori: communication with Thomas Ryerson, 24 October 2002.
Waterman, Ivan. Helen Mirren: The Biography. London: Metro, 2003.
Wells, Jeffrey. Review of Caligula. Films in Review, April 1980, pp 244–245.
Werba, Hank “Werb.” “Caligula Vid Draws Italian Court Action; U.S. Suits Expected.” Variety, Wednesday, 12 March 1986, pp 35–36.
———. “Gore Vidal’s Caligula Recipe: Porn, Ideology and Spectacle.” Variety, Wednesday, 25 August 1976, pp 33, 66.
———. “Trend: Schlock Horror to Magic Sword — Fanny Hill Switch.” Variety, Wednesday, 9 June 1982, pp 7, 32.
———. Review of Caligula. Variety, Wednesday, 21 November 1979, p 24.
“Will the Real Caligula Stand Up?” Time, 3 January 1977, pp 64–65.
Willrich, H. “Caligula.” Klio 3 (1903).
“World News Desk.” Screen International no 199, 21–28 July 1979, p 1.
Click here to read about the legendary 210-minute version of Caligula
Click here to read what the performers had to say about Caligula
Click here to read excerpts from critical reviews of Caligula
Click here to read about the various video editions of Caligula
Click here to see the Caligula credits
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